Geomagnetic Latitude

This maps shows lines of constant geomagnetic latitude based on apex geomagnetic coordinates referenced to an altitude of 350km. The geomagnetic equator is indicated by a dashed line. The coordinates were calculated using the IGRF-1985 geomagnetic field model updated to epoch 1990.0.

The coordinate system used here is a modified version of apex coordinates as defined in the following reference:
VanZandt, T.E., W.L. Clark, and J.M. Warnock, Magnetic Apex Coordinates: A Magnetic Coordinate System for the Ionospheric F2 Layer, J. Geophys. Res., 77, 1972.